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author's alterations:
customer's corrections/changes made at the proofing stage. These are charged to the customer.

binding:
process of fastening papers together.

bitmap:
a grid of pixels or printed dots generated by computer to represent type and images.

bleed:
the printed image extends beyond the trim edge of a sheet or page. A bleed may occur at the head, front, foot and/or gutter of a page.

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carbonless paper:
paper coated with chemicals that enable transfer of images from one sheet to another with pressure from writing or typing.

cmyk:
abbreviation for cyan, magenta, yellow and key (black), the 4 process colours, which combined together in varying proportions can be made to produce the full colour spectrum.

collating:
arranging of printed sheets into the desired sequence.

colour separation:
process by which a continuous tone colour image is separated into the four process colours for print production.

cover paper:
a heavyweight paper made particularly to protect inner, thinner sheets of such printed items as booklets.

crop marks:
marks at the edges of an illustration or photograph to indicate the portion to be reproduced.

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DPI:
dots per inch; measure for output resolution of various devices.

dummy:
a mock-up made to resemble the final printed product which uses the proposed grade, weight, finish and colour of paper.

estimate:
a price given to a customer based on specifications provided by the customer. The price can change if the order specifications are not the same as the estimate specifications.

flush:
even with (as with to a margin).

four-colour process:
reproduction of full-colour photographs or art with the four basic colours of ink (yellow, magenta, cyan, black).

gutter:
line or fold at which facing pages meet.

halftone:
picture with shades of tone created by varying size dots.

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imagesetter:
a device that plots high-resolution bitmaps which have been processed by a RIP. May include type, graphics and photographic images. It outputs a to film or paper.

justified:
text which is flush to both the left and right margins.

line copy:
copy which can be reproduced without using halftones.

make-ready:
the work associated with the set-up of printing equipment before running a job.

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over-run:
copies printed in excess of the quantity specified in the order.

perfect binding:
a bookbinding method in which pages are glued rather than sewn to the cover. Used primarily for paperback books.

point:
a measurement for the size of type, distance between lines and thickness of rules. One point equals one seventy-second of an inch (0.3515mm).

ragged right:
typesetting style in which lines end in unequal lengths on the right side (usually justified on left).

registration marks:
crosses or other marks placed on artwork which ensure perfect alignment ('registration').

reversed-out:
type appearing white on a black or colour background, either a solid or a tint.

resolution:
the number of dots per inch (dpi) in a computer-processed document. The level detail retained by a printed document increases with higher resolution.

RIP (raster image processor):
computer used to create an electronic bitmap for actual output. This may be built into an imagesetter or may be separate.

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saddle stitch:
a binding process in which a pamphlet or booklet is stapled through the middle fold of its sheets using saddle wire.

score:
a pressed mark in a sheet of paper, usually a thick paper, to make folding cleaner and easier.

self-cover:
the paper used inside a booklet is the same as that used for the cover and is generally printed on the same press run.

signature:
folded, printed paper forming a section of a book; usually in a multiple of four, and more often a multiple of eight.

solid:
an area on the page which is completely covered by the ink.

stock:
the paper or card which is to be printed on.

transparency:
or slide: 35mm, 4" x 5" or 8" x 10" positive image on film which can be projected on a screen or scanned as artwork.

tint:
an area of tone made by a pattern of dots, which lightens the apparent colour of the ink with which it is printed.

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